In Turkey, most pupils or students are enrolled in public institutions at all levels of education (pre-school education 91.2%; primary schools 98.3%, secondary education 97.4% and higher education 94%).
Private primary and secondary schools are funded independently. Pre-school education is optional for children under six years of age. Therefore, approximately a-fourth students are attending the preschools (nursery schools or classes).
Compulsory education begins at the age of six years. Educational administration is centralised under the Department of Education.
Educational activities in the eighty one Turkish provinces are organised by the directors of education (Local Education Authorities-LEAs) who are appointed by the Ministry of National Education.
Assessment of children with special educational needs is provided in guidance and research centres under the Department of Education (LEAs).
Teacher training for primary and secondary teachers is to bachelor’s degree level and takes place over four years.
All teachers who work for the Ministry of National Education are civil servants whose salaries are paid by the state.
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